Including and Importing ¶

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Including and Importing

Includes vs. Imports ¶

As noted in Creating Reusable Playbooks, include and import statements are very similar, however the Ansible executor engine treats them very differently.

All import* statements are pre-processed at the time playbooks are parsed.
All include* statements are processed as they are encountered during the execution of the playbook.

Please refer to Creating Reusable Playbooks for documentation concerning the trade-offs one may encounter when using each type.

Also be aware that this behaviour changed in 2.4. Prior to Ansible 2.4, only include was available and it behaved differently depending on context.

New in version 2.4.

Importing Playbooks ¶

It is possible to include playbooks inside a master playbook. For example:

- import_playbook: webservers.yml
- import_playbook: databases.yml

The plays and tasks in each playbook listed will be run in the order they are listed, just as if they had been defined here directly.

Prior to 2.4 only include was available and worked for both playbooks and tasks as both import and include.

New in version 2.4.

Including and Importing Task Files ¶

Breaking tasks up into different files is an excellent way to organize complex sets of tasks or reuse them. A task file simply contains a flat list of tasks:

# common_tasks.yml
- name: placeholder foo
  command: /bin/foo
- name: placeholder bar
  command: /bin/bar

You can then use import_tasks or include_tasks to execute the tasks in a file in the main task list:

tasks:
- import_tasks: common_tasks.yml
# or
- include_tasks: common_tasks.yml

You can also pass variables into imports and includes:

tasks:
- import_tasks: wordpress.yml
  vars:
    wp_user: timmy
- import_tasks: wordpress.yml
  vars:
    wp_user: alice
- import_tasks: wordpress.yml
  vars:
    wp_user: bob

See Variable precedence: Where should I put a variable? for more details on variable inheritance and precedence.

Task include and import statements can be used at arbitrary depth.

Note

Static and dynamic can be mixed, however this is not recommended as it may lead to difficult-to-diagnose bugs in your playbooks.
The key=value syntax for passing variables to import and include is deprecated. Use YAML vars: instead.

Includes and imports can also be used in the handlers: section. For instance, if you want to define how to restart Apache, you only have to do that once for all of your playbooks. You might make a handlers.yml that looks like:

# more_handlers.yml
- name: restart apache
  service:
    name: apache
    state: restarted

And in your main playbook file:

handlers:
- include_tasks: more_handlers.yml
# or
- import_tasks: more_handlers.yml

Note

Be sure to refer to the limitations/trade-offs for handlers noted in Creating Reusable Playbooks.

You can mix in includes along with your regular non-included tasks and handlers.

Including and Importing Roles ¶

Please refer to Roles for details on including and importing roles.

Including and Importing¶

Includes vs. Imports¶

Importing Playbooks¶

Including and Importing Task Files¶

Including and Importing Roles¶